Session: 06-09-01: Musculoskeletal and Sports Biomechanics

Paper Number: 146156

146156 - Understanding Cranial Biomechanics and Preventing Brain Injury 

The subarachnoid space, a critical anatomical region nestled between the arachnoid and pia maters of the human brain and skull, serves as a protective barrier against traumatic brain injury (TBI). Central to this protective mechanism are subarachnoid trabeculae, which function to dampen brain movement and mitigate the impact of external forces. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of five distinct trabecular structures through a comprehensive finite element analysis conducted using ABAQUS software.

The research examines the structural integrity and biomechanical properties of these trabeculae, shedding light on their individual capacities for safeguarding the brain against mechanical stress. By subjecting each trabecular structure to simulated impact scenarios, the study elucidates the hierarchy of protective efficacy among the different structures. Notably, findings reveal that the Tree-like structure exhibits the highest degree of protection, characterized by its ability to minimize strain transmission to the brain.

Moreover, the study highlights the interplay between trabecular architecture and brain protection, offering insights into the design principles underlying effective cranial biomechanics. Through meticulous analysis of stress and strain distribution patterns, the research uncovers nuanced relationships between trabecular morphology and protective outcomes. These insights provide a foundation for refining current understanding of cranial biomechanics and advancing strategies for mitigating TBI risks.

Using ABAQUS, two-dimensional models were generated for each of the five structures. They were then run in a finite element analysis with a load to the skull to compare the strain on the brain. Then, using SOLIDWORKS, three-dimensional models were created to complete a finite element analysis with the inclusion of a cerebrospinal fluid equivalent. 

The most protective structure of trabeculae results in the least amount of strain on the brain. This allows for a known hierarchy of protectiveness regarding the five main structures.

Looking ahead, the study underscores the importance of further investigations into the viscoelastic properties of the brain and the transition to three-dimensional modeling techniques. Additionally, future research endeavors may explore the strategic placement of trabecular structures within the cranial architecture, aiming to optimize protective mechanisms in vulnerable regions of the skull.

This study contributes to the broader discourse on cranial biomechanics and TBI prevention, offering valuable insights into the role of subarachnoid trabeculae in safeguarding the brain against mechanical trauma. By elucidating the intricate interplay between structure and function within the subarachnoid space, the research paves the way for innovative approaches to enhancing cranial protection and reducing the incidence of traumatic brain injury.

Presenting Author: Owen Brady Manhattan College

Presenting Author Biography: Owen is a senior student at Manhattan College

Authors:

Owen Brady Manhattan College
Parisa Saboori Manhattan College