Session: 06-11-01: Biotechnology and General Applications

Paper Number: 145329

145329 - Virtual Optimization to Engineer Stents With Minimized Recoil and Restenosis Through Fea 

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. CVD is the umbrella term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), coronary artery disease (CAD), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Among them, CAD is a prominent cause of global deaths and thus, calls for adequate therapy, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. These days, the techniques used include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is widely used, along with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the past four decades, advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent design and structure have addressed pathophysiologic issues related to treatment, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.

Multiple studies have identified the crucial characteristics of an excellent stent, yet it might be challenging to have every required attribute in a single stent. While plenty of stent configurations function well in particular biomechanical domains, none achieves optimal balance. For best results, one needs to minimize the surface area of the struts, equalize the consequences of axial shortening and expansion, and handle trade-offs between flexibility and radial support force. Nevertheless, problems, like recoil and restenosis, remain practical obstacles for medical professionals, with stent design and structure playing a major role in contributing them.

The transition of stents from bare metal to drug-eluting to bioresorbable versions poses material selection issues because different metal and polymer alternatives have different benefits and downsides. Based on the literature, for this investigation 316L SS and Co-Cr alloys are selected due to their mechanical qualities, making them appropriate for use in cardiovascular stent applications. Both of these materials offer radial strength, radiopacity, and cost-effectiveness compared to other materials. This work innovates a balloon-expandable stent design through a rigorous finite element analysis approach. The primary goal of the research is to carefully model the stent scaffold design, paying close attention to the stent's material qualities as well as its physical structure. The goal of this extensive analysis is to improve the radial strength and flexibility of the stent. Simultaneously, the analysis step thoroughly examines the stent's mechanical and structural integrity. It also carefully examines how well the stent performs in medical environments, emphasizing both its effectiveness and safety. Most importantly, the study aims to enhance patient outcomes by reducing the rate of recoil and restenosis.

The objective of the work includes a decrease in recoil and restenosis rates due to the mitigation of factors like stent fracture and under-expansion. Further, a deliberate attempt is made in the stent design to attain the optimal balance between radial support force and axial flexibility. More specifically, the goal is to design a stent with complex geometry and robust structure along with lightweight architecture.

The findings from this study have the potential to spur substantial advancement in the field of interventional cardiology. These results have the potential to radically alter the field of stent design. Furthermore, the knowledge acquired from this study might be used as an introduction to additional research projects, opening the door for more breakthroughs and developments in the field of cardiovascular care.

Presenting Author: K. Ponappa PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur

Presenting Author Biography: Ponappa K. is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Discipline at PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India. Presently, He is serving as a member of the Discipline Post Graduate Committee, Discipline SPOC- NIRF data curator and serves as a Hostel Warden. His Primary research interests include Metallurgy and Material science, Wear studies on Biocompatible materials, Hybrid Manufacturing, Food 3-D printing and Smart Manufacturing.
The works of his research group in the field of innovative design and advanced manufacturing techniques are recognized at national and international levels. He holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi. Prior to his doctoral studies, He earned his master’s degree in manufacturing from Annamalai University and Graduated in Production from Bharathiyar University, both with first-class distinctions. Additionally, he obtained a D.M.E. in Mechanical Engineering with distinction from the Directorate of Technical Education, Tamil Nadu.
Dr. Ponappa K. has a cumulative teaching experience of more than 10 years, and an additional 5 years in research, He has contributed significantly to academia. He has more than 50 publications in peer-reviewed journals/book chapters/ international/national conference proceedings, besides being the inventor of more than 5 patents.

Authors:

Rajiv Shrivastava PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur
K. Ponappa PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur
Amit Bhanudas Kinare Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Govt. Medical College Jabalpur
Puneet Tandon PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur