Session: 06-09-04: Computational Modeling in Biomedical Applications - IV

Paper Number: 120102

120102 - The Effect of Bone Mineral Density and Diameter of Implant Fixture on Osseointegration of Dental Implant Using Finite Element Analysis 

Dental implants have been used to restore tooth function since they could function as natural teeth. A dental implant system consists of four parts, a fixture, an abutment, a screw, and a crown. The dental implant surgery process involves first placing the fixture into the jawbone, followed by a period of healing to ensure that the fixture is bonded to the jawbone. This phenomenon is called the osseointegration process. Achieving adequate osseointegration is important for ensuring the success of implant surgery, as insufficient osseointegration could lead to complications. The osseointegration assessed by observing bone ingrowth and tissue differentiation after fixture placement, which is experimentally difficult to quantitative assessment. For this reason, finite element analysis (FEA) based on a mechano-regulation model has been developed to predict the osseointegration process. The mechano-regulation model is a mathematical model that simulates the process of bone growth based on the theory that tissue differentiation is promoted into other tissue phenotypes by mechanical stimuli. Based on this model, numerous studies have investigated the effects of various factors such as micro-motions, healing callus sizes, and fixture shapes. However, previous studies did not consider that the bone mineral density (BMD) and size of the jawbone vary depending on the position of the teeth and patient; BMD values have within the ranges of 0.35 to 0.65 g/cm³. Since the factors of the mechano-regulation model are depending on the characteristic of the bone, BMD should be considered for osseointegration prediction. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of various BMDs on the osseointegration of dental implants using FEA.

The FEA model was constructed to predict the osseointegration process. To apply BMD-dependent material properties to the FEA, the relationship between BMD and material properties, such as Young’s modulus and permeability, was utilized. To simulate the osseointegration process using the mechano-regulation model, octahedral shear strain and interstitial flow velocity of porous bone under the mechanical stimuli were used. Additionally, to investigate the effect of the diameter of the fixture on osseointegration, FEA was also performed for different fixture diameters.

Quantitative assessments of osseointegration were performed using crucial parameters such as bone-implant contact, and bone volume fraction, which are key indicators of osseointegration. The results showed that high BMD could affect good osseointegration. A higher BMD was associated with greater tissue differentiation into bone. In other words, patients with high BMD exhibited faster healing than those with low BMD. On the other hand, the effect of fixture diameter on osseointegration was found to be relatively negligible.

This study is expected to contribute to the successful implant surgery of patients with different bone characteristics.

Presenting Author: Dongwon Kim Hanyang Univ.

Presenting Author Biography: Dongwon Kim is a 5th-year PD.H. student in Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University. His research focuses on the analysis of various mechanical behaviors using finite element analysis. With a keen interest in development of various applications in mechanical engineering and bioengineering, Dongwon explores and evaluates discussions surrounding these behaviors. His work aims to advance the understanding and application of finite element analysis in solving real-world engineering problems. Through his research, Dongwon aspires to contribute to the development of innovative solutions that enhance mechanical performance and optimize design processes. With his expertise and dedication, Dongwon is poised to make valuable contributions to the field of mechanical engineering.

Authors:

Dongwon Kim Hanyang Univ.
Juhyun Nam Hanyang Univ.
Je Hoon Oh Hanyang Univ.