Session: 04-21-01: Dynamics of Advanced Functional Materials and Structures

Paper Number: 166428

Investigation of Foreign Object Damage of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries (Libs) 

Dynamic mechanical loading is a common scenario for electric vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles while in service. Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are widely used for such vehicles, and dynamic mechanical loading, e.g. impact, is one of the major catastrophic factors that trigger short-circuit, thermal runaway, or even fire/explosion consequences of LiBs. For most previous studies, the mechanical integrity and electrical coupling behaviors of LiB “cells” under dynamical loading have been investigated. Owing to the protection provided by structural components of the battery cell/module, it is expected that electrode sheet moderately deforms without inducing an electrical short or immediate thermal runaway in collision events. However, the deformation ability of electrode against dynamic loading, resulting in internal damage was complicated due to complex internal structures (stacking electrode/separator layers) in LiBs. Indeed, electro-chemical performance is strongly dependent on electrode, which consists of active particles, binder and current collect sheet etc. Especially, the combination of active particles and binder in active material layer is important for electrochemistry as well as mechanical integrity of electrode design in LiBs. For the mechanical integrity, deformation and fracture of active material layer need to be investigated, because these depend on particle type, arrangement and strain rate (deformation velocity). For this purpose, out-of-plane deformation by indentation testing and particle impacts is useful to mimic a collision event of LiBs. This study investigated deformation behavior of active material layers subjected to out-of-plane loading, such as indentation loading. Spherical indentation is used to simulate particle contact/impact on the surface of active material layer. In order to understand the effect of strain rate, high-velocity particle impact was achieved by laser-induced particle impact test (LIPIT). In this experiment, particles with a diameter of around 30 um with the velocity of 200 - 300 m/s collide with the material surface. Finite element method (FEM) is also carried out to simulate the deformation behavior of active material layer in electrode. The FE model includes microstructure of active material layer with particle and binder, so that deformation behavior with strain rate effect was simulated via microstructural model using FEM. Thus, this study implies a guideline for future utilization of the batteries that retained tolerable integrity under impact loading. It will lay a solid basis for their crash safety design of LiBs.

References

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Miki Kajihara, Kanari Nagaami, Takeru Miyagawa, Toshiyuki Kondo, Akio Yonezu, Development of a Velocity Measurement Method for a Microparticle Projectile and High-Speed Impact Testing of Metallic Materials for Grain Refinement, Acta Materialia, Volume 262, 1 January 2024, 119467  (11 pages)

Kazuma Ogata, Wenxia Tan, Yoshinori Takano, Akio Yonezu, Jun Xu, Mechanical Characterization and Modeling of Microstructural Deformation of Si Anode Sheet, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 580, 1 October 2023, 233442

Presenting Author: Yuzuki Kawashima Chuo University

Presenting Author Biography: Graduate student at Chuo University

Authors:

Xiao Junjie Chuo University
Yuzuki Kawashima Chuo University
Miki Kajihara Chuo university
Akio Yonezu Chuo University