Session: 02-07-01: Design for AM and Sustainability

Paper Number: 167001

Propulsion of a Small-Scale Hyperloop Pod With YBCO Superconductors: A Simulation Study 

The advancement of transportation technology is a driving force behind the global push for efficiency, sustainability, and reduced travel times. One promising concept in this endeavor is the hyperloop, a high-speed ground transportation system that relies on magnetic levitation (maglev) technology. This paper explores the application of quantum levitation, a cutting-edge innovation, for a small-scale hyperloop model's propulsion system. A steady quantum levitation involves floating a superconductor in a magnetic field. It is the outcome of two distinct phenomena: The Meissner effect is the repulsion of magnetic fields from the superconductor body, and the pinning of magnetic flux inside a superconductor is known as flux pinning. Quantum levitation utilizes high-temperature superconductors, with a specific focus on type II superconductors, to achieve levitation and propulsion. Specifically, the use of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) for levitation is explored in this paper. YBCO exhibits a relative permeability of 1, indicating its minimal magnetic characteristics. This property aligns with the material's superconducting nature, which is devoid of significant magnetization effects. YBCO is chosen for levitation applications due to its superior superconducting properties at elevated temperatures, particularly around the liquid nitrogen temperature of 77 K. YBCO's ability to sustain high critical currents and effectively trap magnetic fields at these temperatures makes it highly efficient for generating stable levitating forces. This efficiency and stability are critical for practical applications such as electric motors, generators, and magnetic levitation systems, where robust and reliable performance is paramount. The research demonstrates that YBCO, when maintained below its critical temperature, can effectively levitate and propel a hyperloop pod. The study outlines the COMSOL simulation, providing insights into the practicality of this technology. The simulation results were supplemented by a physical experiment. Our findings indicate that the ideal magnetic field strength for small-scale YBCO systems is approximately 2T (2e6 A/m). At this level, YBCO can support a weight range of 40 to 50 grams, showcasing its significant capabilities for controlled levitation. For applied magnetic fields of 2e⁵, 2e⁶, 2e⁷, and 2e⁸ A/m, our results demonstrate a corresponding increase in weight-carrying capabilities, ranging from 0.000034 kg to 64.7 kg. These results emphasize the direct relationship between the magnetic field strength and YBCO's ability to carry substantial weights. The paper also highlights the potential for load testing integration in future work. There is a significant dependence of levitation capabilities on the distance between the YBCO material and the applied magnetic field. The inclusion of COMSOL simulations enhances the understanding of YBCO's behavior, making it a valuable contribution to hyperloop technology.

Presenting Author: Sohail Zaidi Intelliscience Institute

Presenting Author Biography: Dr. Sohail Zaidi is an instructor of Mechanical Engineering.

Authors:

Hinal Ahir San Jose State University
Sohail Zaidi Intelliscience Institute
Vimal Viswanathan San Jose State University